Researchers have discovered that the Tmesipteris oblanceolata fern species native to New Caledonia has the largest genome of any known organism.
Its genome is 7% larger than the previous record-holder, a Japanese plant called Paris japonica. The fern’s genome is over 50 times larger than the human genome.
If uncoiled, the fern’s DNA would extend to around 350 feet, much taller than landmarks like the Statue of Liberty or Big Ben.
Scientists believe the fern failed to efficiently remove non-functional DNA over time, leading to its immense genome size rather than any evolutionary advantage.
Having a large genome requires more resources for processes like DNA replication and transcription, which could strain the plant’s energy and limit its growth and reproduction.
There is no clear relationship between genome size and organism complexity – some small organisms have large genomes and vice versa. Genome size does not correlate with physical size either.
The reasons some organisms have large genomes while others do not remains somewhat puzzling to scientists.
Source: Reuters
