Antarctica is covered by a large ice sheet but beneath the ice are numerous volcanoes, including 138 identified under the western ice sheet alone.
Currently, the only two known active volcanoes in Antarctica are Mount Erebus and Deception Island. Mount Erebus has been continually erupting since the 1970s with strombolian eruptions and a persistent lava lake. Deception Island last erupted in 1970.
Besides these two active volcanoes, Antarctica also has many fumaroles – vents that release volcanic gases. Accumulation from fumaroles can form ice towers.
It is difficult to predict if other Antarctic volcanoes could eruption aside from the two currently active ones. Monitoring them is challenging due to logistics and harsh conditions.
The large number of volcanoes found beneath the ice sheet suggests the region is highly volcanically active, but it is unclear which others besides the two known ones couldpotentially erupt in the future given the challenges of continuously monitoring their activity.
Source: livescience
