The Antikythera Mechanism is an ancient Greek device dated to around 100 BC that is believed to be the earliest known analog computer. It was used to calculate and display astronomical positions.
Recent research using X-ray imaging found the mechanism had a “calendar ring” with regularly spaced holes that was inscribed with Egyptian month names in Greek text.
New statistical analysis adapted from gravitational wave research estimates there were likely 354-355 holes in the calendar ring, matching the 354 day lunar calendar used in ancient Egypt rather than the solar calendar.
This provides stronger evidence that the makers of the Antikythera Mechanism designed it to track and display the lunar calendar rather than the solar calendar.
The statistical techniques applied were Bayesian analysis and methods used in LIGO gravitational wave detection, showing how modern research can provide insights into ancient technology.
The precision of the hole placement in the calendar ring would have required accurate measurement techniques and craftsmanship from Greek engineers, showing their advanced scientific knowledge.
Source: Space
